• Understanding is needed for technology adaptation enabling:
• Adoption of low-carbon gaseous fuels like methane/hydrogen mixtures
• Use of hydrogen-based liquid fuels like ammonia or methanol
• SAF molecular composition to be tailored to optimize combustion performance, emissions, and material compatibility
• Predictive models for flame instabilities to expand the operation limits in the use of novel fuels
• Advanced measurement techniques supporting design evaluation, model development and control strategies
• Concepts for the integration of gas turbines in carbon capture schemes

• Gas turbines will remain a critical component of the electric grid as they allow “on-demand” power generation to compensate for fluctuating renewable energy sources
• The use of natural gas-hydrogen blends paves a path for early adoption of hydrogen and reduced greenhouse gas emissions in the power, transport, buildings, and industrial sectors
• The use of non/low-carbon e-fuels (from power-to-X processes) supports national strategies to reduce the carbon footprint, but the combustion characteristics of such alternative fuels under relevant operating conditions are not yet sufficiently known
• The rapid introduction of Carbon Capture processes relies on the adaptation of currently available equipment, like turbines, engines, head exchangers, etc.
• Liquid fuels similar to fossil kerosene will be the major fuel for long distance aviation in the foreseeable future, fuels from bio-based feedstock is essential to enable sustainable aviation

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